Understanding AC Joint Injuries: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
November 16, 2023
Shoulder injuries are one of the most common orthopedic issues in the world, with over 25% of US adults dealing with some sort of shoulder problem. Over 40% of all shoulder issues are caused by injury to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, the connection between the collarbone and the shoulder blade. AC joint injuries are especially common in athletes and young adults and can result from strain during sporting events, outdoor activities, or accidents. While most AC joint injuries can be treated via external remedies, sometimes surgery is required to address the issue.
Causes of AC Joint Issues
There are several different kinds of AC joint injuries, but the three most common are AC separation, AC Fracture, and arthritis.
AC Joint Separation
Acromioclavicular joint separation is a common type of AC joint injury. AC separation injuries usually result from direct trauma to the AC joint, such as from a car accident or similar event, causing tearing and destabilization of the ligaments that keep the joint in place. This disruption often results in the collarbone and the shoulder blade becoming separated, which can lead to a loss of strength and range of motion.
AC Joint Fracture
Acromioclavicular fractures occur when the clavicle bone fractures as a result of a traumatic injury. Because the clavicle bone is one of the last bones in the human body to harden (around age 18), clavicle fractures are among the most common shoulder and joint injuries in children.
AC Arthritis
Over time, the cartilage that keeps the AC joint together may wear out, resulting in a condition known as acromioclavicular arthritis. Similar to other forms of arthritis, AC arthritis is characterized by intense pain and a reduced range of motion in the arms. AC arthritis occurs most often in middle-aged and older individuals but can also occur early in athletes, especially weightlifters.
Symptoms of AC Joint Problems
Different orthopedic injuries affect different areas of the shoulder, so the exact symptoms you experience may vary. Depending on the severity of the injury, symptoms may be mild or more disruptive.
The most common symptoms of an AC joint fracture or separation include:
- Reduced range of motion in the arm/shoulder
- Arm/shoulder weakness
- Bruising
- Swelling
- Pain
- A bump above the shoulder blade
Treatment for AC Joint Separation and Fracture
Recommended treatments for AC joint injuries depend on the type of injury and its severity. In milder cases, surgery is usually not required. Instead, your doctor may place your arm in a sling, prescribe over-the-counter pain medication, and encourage the use of ice packs to manage your pain and swelling. With time and physical therapy, many patients are able to make a complete recovery and regain a full range of motion.
A full AC joint repair surgery is reserved for more severe cases of AC joint separation, such as when the surrounding ligaments are completely torn or when there is significant disruption to the position of the collarbone and shoulder blade. Surgical procedures vary based on the specifics of the injury. For example, an orthopedic specialist might opt for a full ligament reconstruction, while other injuries may require plates and screws be inserted to stabilize the collarbone and shoulder blade.
Rely on Orthopedic Experts
The best way to deal with an AC joint injury is to seek out an experienced orthopedic provider. The team at the Bone and Joint Center of Yuma is available to help you with all of your orthopedic needs, including AC joint separation or fracture.
Reach out today to find out more.